During the last decade, the world has been forming an information society, and therefore computing and information networks are increasingly developing – a unique symbiosis of computers and communications. Active inclusion of the country in global network structures – in the “Network of Networks” – Internet. Human civilization is entering the era of information.
More than 30 million people use the global system of computer communications every day. Information becomes a decisive factor in law, politics, economy, trade, production, it is the product of scientific and research activities; it is a necessary component in the course of scientific research. There is a growing need for means of structuring, accumulating, storing, searching and transmitting information – the satisfaction of these needs is the goal of creating and developing information networks. In the pursuit of the joint use of the resources of computing and information centers (libraries, programs, forensic records), there is a vital need to combine them using networks.
In these conditions, it becomes increasingly difficult, and sometimes simply impossible, to get the necessary information, if you do not have the powerful capabilities provided by the information networks of the world. In order to keep up with the times, it is absolutely necessary to be included in global computer networks and skillfully use all the privileges of such inclusion. This also applies to employees of insurance companies.
Production processes aimed at creating conditions for meeting the information needs of citizens and society based on the creation, development and use of information systems, sacramento web design, networks, resources and information technologies, which are built on the basis of the use of modern computing and communication technology.
Banking information technologies
In the 1960s and 1980s, many banks around the world saw a significant increase in the flow and volume of transactions. Computing capabilities and capacities of networks and information processing systems were very small.
The late 1980s and early 1990s led to the need to create an electronic banking environment, as a significant number of banks began to perceive computer systems, telecommunications networks and information technology as a powerful strategic weapon that would help them better process, transmit and store banking information. , serve customers faster and significantly outpace competitors.
In the 1990s, due to the weakening of state regulation of banking activity, the use of technology to solve the needs of banking became more and more important. If in the past banks thought in terms of “data” categories, now we are talking about “information”. It becomes clear that the possession of information and the ability to process it with the help of modern information technologies is a level at which the possession of information can be used as a strategic weapon. To achieve this, it is necessary to provide the user with instant access to information from any source, at any time, from any place in the country.
The beginning of the process of computerization of banks in the world is attributed to the 60s, when the first automated systems of accounting, processing customer accounts and payments by checks appeared.
Already in the 70s, banks did a lot to get closer to customers, to switch to cooperation with customers, not with accounts. At that time, telecommunications technology provided the opportunity to serve the client in any branch of the bank, regardless of the location of his account.
The 80s were marked by significant successes in the introduction of “electronic” money. ATMs appeared. Their widespread use leads to a reduction in current expenses, a reduction in the number of cashiers, and an acceleration of the time for clients to access their deposits.
At this time, banking systems were created to serve customers at home. With their help, it became possible:
– to make a request by phone about information in the bank computer and receive an answer with a synthesized human voice;
– receive an urgent notification about the balance of money in the account, monitor its movement, etc.
This contributed to the creation of a new banking service technology.
To date, there is an acute shortage of specialists in banking technologies, there is no appropriate technical and educational literature on banking electronic systems. The foreign book market in this field is also not very saturated because electronic payment systems are not a widely replicated commercial product, on the one hand, and on the other hand, both developers and users are not at all interested in disclosing individual technical details of the system, so as not to “teach” potential intruders
The implementation of modern paperless computer technologies, electronic payment systems into the practice of banks is impossible without serious efforts, significant costs, general improvement of the culture of banking production and law and order. But one thing is obvious, that every day the potential opportunities for using software in decision-making in banking will grow, and this will lead to the need to involve specialists and their knowledge for a quick transition to modern banking information technology services.
Modern capabilities of banking information systems.
The analysis of practice shows that in foreign banks, information technologies now cover all aspects of banking, in particular, they provide:
– clearing operations (mutual bank settlements);
– trade operations and marketing, management of cash resources;
– management of the bank’s activities;
– credit operations, including analysis of customer applications for their creditworthiness;
– electronic payment systems (SWIFT);
– use of bank machines;
– banking operations by phone and home service;
– use of different payment cards;
– e-mail and office;
– paperless document circulation in the bank and in the case of interactions between the center and branches, the bank and clients;
– stock market and transactions with securities;
– analysis of investments and the financial market;
– automation of payments at retail outlets.
Banking automation involves the widespread use of computer information systems in banks, the automation of payment document processing in departments that work with clients, in operational departments, as well as the automation of financial operations within the framework of international banking business.
Automation of banking operations allows;
– perform paperless payment operations with minimal involvement of human labor and reduction of organizational costs;
– to process payments mainly in real time, with the exception of summarizing accounting reports at the end of the day and reporting on them;
– speed up the exchange of information between banks and clients, banks and their branches using communication lines;
– minimize typical types of banking risk (loss of documents, wrong address, falsification of payment documents, etc.);
– to provide managers with strategic assessments of the bank’s position in terms of competition, work organization and personnel policy.
And the most important thing is that bank computer systems differ from others primarily in that the information processed by them must be reliably protected from third-party intrusions, and the system itself must have properties of increased vitality and fail-safe operation.
Use of telecommunications in banking
The need for operational communication with partners around the world significantly pushed the development of global computer networks, the services of which are used today by a large number of people of various specialties. The ability to process and transfer business information with the help of computers was primarily appreciated by the military-industrial complex and bankers. One of the most famous computer networks, which was created on the initiative of financial organizations, is the SWIFT network.
All existing electronic banking transaction processing systems in the world today can be conditionally divided into bank message systems and settlement systems. As part of the former, the operational forwarding and storage of interbank documents is carried out, while the functions of the latter are directly related to the fulfillment of mutual requirements and obligations.
A “banking network” is usually understood as a logical virtual network.
SWIFT is a typical example of use in network architecture, packet switching networks.
SWIFT international interbank network
Already at the end of the 1960s, it became obvious that the power of banking information processing systems (payment systems) was insufficiently reliable and fast. Manual processing of documents did not allow a quick exchange of information between most banks and their branches around the world. In addition, manual processing led to errors and malfunctions. Different banks used different settlement systems, which led to their practical incompatibility. This pushed specialists of European and North American banks to the need to develop and create a single “language” of financial messages, a single system for transmitting banking information.